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          <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">系统安全分析与设计---基本概念</h1>
        

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        <h2 id="信息系统安全属性"><a href="#信息系统安全属性" class="headerlink" title="信息系统安全属性"></a>信息系统安全属性</h2><p><strong>保密性</strong></p>
<p><strong>完整性</strong></p>
<p><strong>可用性</strong><br>综合保障（IP过滤、业务流控制、路由选择控制、审计跟踪）</p>
<p><strong>不可抵赖性</strong></p>
<p>数字签名技术</p>
<h2 id="加密技术"><a href="#加密技术" class="headerlink" title="加密技术"></a>加密技术</h2><p><strong>对称加密技术</strong></p>
<p><strong>非对称加密技术</strong></p>
<h2 id="信息摘要"><a href="#信息摘要" class="headerlink" title="信息摘要"></a>信息摘要</h2><p><strong>概念</strong><br>信息的特征值，信息变化特征值变化</p>
<p><strong>算法</strong></p>
<p>单向散列函数（单向<strong>Hash函数</strong>）、固定长度的<strong>散列值</strong>（<strong>不可还原</strong>），比如： <strong>MD5、SHA</strong></p>
<h2 id="数字签名"><a href="#数字签名" class="headerlink" title="数字签名"></a>数字签名</h2><p><strong>概念</strong><br>标志出消息的<strong>发出方</strong></p>
<p><strong>原理</strong></p>
<p>采用<strong>非对称加密</strong>，将信息的摘要使用<strong>发出方的私钥</strong>进行<strong>数字签名</strong>（加密）， 接受方使用<strong>发出方的公钥</strong>进行数字<strong>签名验证</strong>（解密）</p>
<h2 id="数字信封与PGP"><a href="#数字信封与PGP" class="headerlink" title="数字信封与PGP"></a>数字信封与PGP</h2><p><strong>原理</strong><br>正文用<strong>对称加密</strong>，把正文的<strong>密钥</strong>用<strong>对方的公钥</strong>进行非对称加密</p>
<p><strong>PGP</strong></p>
<p>数字证书：区分用户的公钥（CA机构颁发）、类似身份证 PGP证书、X.509证书</p>

      
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              <div class="post-toc-content"><ol class="nav"><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#信息系统安全属性"><span class="nav-number">1.</span> <span class="nav-text">信息系统安全属性</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#加密技术"><span class="nav-number">2.</span> <span class="nav-text">加密技术</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#信息摘要"><span class="nav-number">3.</span> <span class="nav-text">信息摘要</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#数字签名"><span class="nav-number">4.</span> <span class="nav-text">数字签名</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#数字信封与PGP"><span class="nav-number">5.</span> <span class="nav-text">数字信封与PGP</span></a></li></ol></div>
            

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